A “low” simply means not enough blood sugar is present in the blood stream. Basically, the amount of glucose/sugar in the bloodstream is not enough to help the diabetic’s body to function properly. Diabetic terminology can definitely be overwhelming at first. So, bookmark this page or share a link for help when your brain is in overload or to explain the unfamiliar terms to others. Younger friends who would like a simplified explanation from Milly can use this link for her post on diabetic lows.
Table of Contents
Low Blood Sugar or Blood Glucose?
The terms “blood sugar” and “blood glucose” are the same. Both refer to the amount of simple sugars in the bloodstream. These simple sugars are converted into energy for cells by the hormone called insulin. Since bodies burn glucose in the bloodstream for energy, not enough blood glucose means the body is dealing with an energy deficit…a “low.”
Hypoglycemia = Low
The medical term is hypoglycemia. “Hypo” means under. For example, a hypodermic needle means a needle under the skin. “Glycemia” literally means the presence of glucose in the blood. Therefore, a hypoglycemic episode means the amount of glucose in the bloodstream is under the amount needed for a body to properly function.
What may happen?
Hypoglycemic episodes, “lows,” can look different, but one fact remains. When cells don’t have the energy needed to work, problems happen. Behaviors change. A person may look dazed or confused, speech may slur, or a lack of response to stimuli can happen. Generally speaking, comprehension and reflexes slow down, often accompanied by a headache. Shaking or trembling along with feeling colder may occur as well. All these effects can happen as the body runs out of fuel to operate properly. Being unable to communicate or move may happen in more serious episodes, and seizures are possible as the body shuts down functions.
Identify the signs
Learning to identify the warning signs of a low blood sugar is important for the entire family. Siblings and parents can watch for signs when one’s behavior seems slightly off. Purposefully comparing physical symptoms and emotional swings with a low BG number can help identify what lows feel like for a diabetic individual. This is important to help foster awareness of hypoglycemic events. Catching a dropping blood sugar is usually easier than bringing up a stubborn low BG number.
Raising a low
By providing a quick acting sugar, such as a juicebox, levels should begin to rise. Candy, icing, glucose gel or purchased glucose tabs may help provide the boost needed. However, keep track of the amount of carbs to prevent a rebound high.
In severe episodes, a type of fast acting emergency medication can trigger the liver to release stored glucagon. Contact medical assistance immediately if an emergency medication is used.
Keeping healthy levels
One overlooked tip is to give protein with carbs to help levels remain stable as they rise. Easily processed carbs provide quick energy but sometimes another drop can follow. By adding protein or a mix of protein and carbs, blood sugar levels stabilize for longer periods of time. A high protein chocolate milk, peanut butter or even a cheese stick or slice of turkey can prevent a roller coaster effect as levels rise and plunge again. With the addition of protein, the body has something else to rely on for energy instead of just quick burning carbs.
Sometimes hypoglycemic episodes can be stubborn or hard to raise. Continue to check blood sugar levels or monitor with a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) so additional carbs or treatment can be given. If these episodes are occurring regularly, a call to the doctor may be in order. Adjustments to long-acting insulin or carb ratios may improve BG levels, but seek professional medical advice before making adjustments.
Plan. Don’t panic.
Lows are a part of diabetic life. However, by simply paying attention and making small adjustments, they don’t have to rule your life. Keep track of the meter readings that accompany lows and practice patience! Keeping supplies within easy reach (check out this post to pack a daily diabetic bag), being aware of the symptoms and a having good attitude go a very long way in dealing with the daily maintenance of your diabetic life.
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